We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Connection anywhere between dowry/bride to be speed (repaid by in-rules away from sisters, anybody else in the community and you will people) and you will wife’s updates about relationship household (OLS)
4.step 3 Conversation and robustness checks
Inside the deciding the new ladies’ condition regarding marital house, the effect of the net dowry (dowry without bride to be rate) will get matter. Remember that the degree of deferred mehr is included separately out of the web based dowry as previous is never paid off except if divorce case takes place and should not meet the requirements assets delivered with the marriage. The outcomes suggest that the possessions produced with the ount) promote their particular choice-and make electricity and autonomy. These positive connections are not stunning because the the newest contacts of bride price paid back at the time of matrimony run counter so you’re able to those of dowry in the primary estimations.
Possibly, an increased ages otherwise degree difference you are going to weaken this new wife’s reputation on marital house. As well as ages differences together with degree differences (replacement the fresh husband’s ages and you can education) does not impact the main consequences, therefore the coefficients of these details are not extreme (Appendix Desk nine, Panel B).
The latest estimation process is actually repeated by replacing dowry and bride-to-be rate which have web dowry (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee Good)
That you’ll argue that what number of ages given that wedding try important because the outcome out-of dowry (or fiance rates) might be better appropriate relationships. Also many years because the ount out-of dowry (substitution female’s age in the marriage) magnifies the base effect of dowry in the women’s self-reliance however, decreases its magnitude while the significance top when you look at the ladies’ decision making https://kissbrides.com/chinese-women/nanchang/ (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee C). What this means is one a bigger dowry boosts the wife’s independency into the this new marital household shortly after wedding; not, the connection isn’t rather impacted by the fresh new passage of years given that matrimony.
Zero measure of gender ideology is included in the main estimate on account of endogeneity inquiries. You to definitely you are going to argue that addition of such methods will get undermine new relationship between dowry and you will women’s condition regarding relationship household. Although we you should never deny the chance that preferences and you will ideological thinking concerning the gender relations aren’t intrinsic and alter along the relationship existence, the fresh estimate processes is repeated because of the together with one or two steps to possess child preference: the initial adjustable means one in the event that wife’s greatest level of sons is actually more than that daughters and also the second translates to you to definitely if the partner wants to offer advanced schooling so you can sons unlike so you can daughters. Managing to have gender ideology cannot significantly affect the fundamental quote efficiency (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, ladies’ decision making are absolutely associated with the son preference. not, it’s adversely of this taste having providing degree so you’re able to sons as compared with daughters. A potential interpretation is the fact extremely educated women is generally against gender inequality for the studies and become even more energized regarding marital household but choose which have alot more sons than simply daughters. That it seems in line with specific established education indicating that son preference is more prevalent among very knowledgeable women in the place of uneducated women within the Southern area Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).